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The Field Dispatch
Clear, accurate stories from history's greatest battles, how they were won, who commanded, and why they still shape the world. Most are battles you can play in the app.
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Quizzes 25
Where Was the Battle?
Drop a pin on the world map where famous battles were fought, then read the story of each one.
Battle of the Day
One history puzzle a day: an old map or a blurred commander. One guess, share your grid, keep your streak.
Which Battle Was Bigger?
Did more soldiers fight at Leipzig or Gettysburg? Keep your run going and read each story.
Put the Battles in Order
Drag five battles from the oldest to the newest; each round they sit closer together in time.
Guess the Battle from the Map
Old battle maps, revealed piece by piece. Name the battle before the whole map shows.
Guess the Commander
A blurred portrait and four clues. Name the general before the picture comes into focus.
Who Won the Battle?
Thermopylae, Bunker Hill, Gallipoli: pick the winner and see why memory often gets it wrong.
How Well Do You Know Ancient Battles?
Eight scenes from the age of hoplites and legions, from Marathon to Red Cliffs. Name the battle in each.
How Well Do You Know Medieval Battles?
Eight scenes from the age of knights, crusades and longbows, from Tours to Constantinople. Name the battle in each.
How Well Do You Know Early Modern Battles?
Eight scenes from the age of pike, musket and galley, from Tenochtitlan to Yorktown. Name the battle in each.
How Well Do You Know Napoleonic Battles?
Eight scenes from the age of revolution and empire, from Racławice to Waterloo. Name the battle in each.
How Well Do You Know Industrial Age Battles?
Eight scenes from the age of rifles, railways and ironclads, from Gettysburg to Tsushima. Name the battle in each.
13 more, titles only
- How Well Do You Know World War I Battles?
- How Well Do You Know World War II Battles?
- How Well Do You Know French Battles?
- How Well Do You Know Greek Battles?
- How Well Do You Know Byzantine Battles?
- How Well Do You Know Ottoman Battles?
- How Well Do You Know Roman Battles?
- How Well Do You Know British Battles?
- How Well Do You Know American Battles?
- How Well Do You Know Polish Battles?
- Readers’ Verdict
- Which Commander Are You?
- Guess the Battle
Battles 475
Battle of Paneriai, 1831: the November Uprising's fight for Vilnius
On 19 June 1831 Giełgud's Polish and Lithuanian insurgents attacked the Russian lines on the Paneriai hills outside Vilnius and were thrown back after four hours.
Second Battle of Changsha, 1941: Anami's drive on the Hunan capital
In September 1941 Anami's 11th Army broke the Chinese river lines and entered Changsha on the 27th, then fell back; both sides claimed the battle.
Battle of Greenbrier River, 1861: the attack on Camp Bartow
On 3 October 1861 Reynolds's Federals marched through the night from Cheat Mountain and shelled Camp Bartow on the Greenbrier River for hours before pulling back.
Battle of Bound Brook, 1777: Cornwallis surprises Lincoln's outpost
On 13 April 1777 Cornwallis's three columns surprised Benjamin Lincoln's outpost at Bound Brook; most of the garrison escaped to the hills, but the guns were lost.
Battle of Tirad Pass, 1899: Gregorio del Pilar's last stand
On 2 December 1899 Gregorio del Pilar and about sixty men held a stone wall across Tirad Pass against US troops, dying to cover Aguinaldo's escape.
Siege of Odessa, 1941: 73 days on the Black Sea
From August to October 1941 Soviet troops held Odessa, cut off by land and supplied by sea, against Romania's 4th Army, then slipped away by ship.
Battle of Diu, 1509: the sea fight that gave Portugal the Indian Ocean
On 3 February 1509 Francisco de Almeida led the Portuguese into the harbor of Diu and destroyed the Mamluk and Gujarati fleet that had killed his son at Chaul.
Battle of St Fagans, 1648: the Welsh rising crushed in two hours
On 8 May 1648 Horton's 3,000 Parliamentarians routed Laugharne's 8,000 Welsh rebels at St Fagans in two hours, taking about 3,000 prisoners and ending the rising in south Wales.
Siege of Sidney Street, 1911: Churchill, the Guards and a burning house
On 3 January 1911 two Latvian revolutionaries outgunned London police from a house in Stepney. Scots Guards were called in, Churchill came to watch, and the house burned with the men inside.
Battle of Droop Mountain, 1863: the last big fight in West Virginia
On 6 November 1863 Averell's Federals stormed Droop Mountain and broke Echols's Confederates after six hours of fighting, ending organized Southern resistance in West Virginia.
Operation Konrad III, 1945: the last drive to relieve Budapest
On 18 January 1945 German panzers struck from Lake Balaton to relieve encircled Budapest. They reached the Danube in 27 hours and retook Székesfehérvár, but stalled about 25 km short of the city.
Rout of Ludford Bridge, 1459: the night the Yorkists ran
On the night of 12 October 1459 the Calais veterans went over to Henry VI at Ludford Bridge below Ludlow. The Yorkist lords fled in the dark and their army melted away by morning.
463 more, titles only
- Battle of Saragossa, 1710: the allies take back Aragon
- Battle of Málaga, 1704: the great sea fight after Gibraltar
- Battle of Ourique, 1139: Portugal's founding battle and its legend
- Battle of Iłża, 1864: Rębajło's ambush in the January Uprising
- Battle of Okhmativ, 1644: Koniecpolski stops the Tatars at the border
- Battle of Lobositz, 1756: the first battle of the Seven Years' War
- Battle of Freiburg, 1644: Enghien and Turenne against Mercy's entrenchments
- Battle of Konya, 1832: Egypt's army captures the grand vizier
- Battle of the Maritsa, 1371: the night the Serbian lords were destroyed
- Battle of Petrovaradin, 1716: the grand vizier falls before Prince Eugene
- Battle of Vertières, 1803: the last battle of the Haitian Revolution
- Battle of Mersa Matruh, 1942: Rommel's last victory over the Eighth Army
- Battle of Kraśnik, 1914: Austria-Hungary's first victory
- Battle of Brunkeberg, 1471: Sten Sture holds Stockholm
- Battle of the Schellenberg, 1704: Marlborough storms the Danube crossing
- Battle of Liaoyang, 1904: Kuropatkin gives up the field
- Battle of the Yellow Sea, 1904: the Port Arthur squadron's failed escape
- Battle of Sinop, 1853: the Ottoman squadron burned at anchor
- Battle of Beachy Head, 1690: the Dutch van left to fight alone
- Battle of Zenta, 1697: Prince Eugene at the Tisza bridge
- Battle of Worcester, 1651: the last battle of the Civil Wars
- Battle of Verneuil, 1424: the second Agincourt
- Battle of the Tenaru, 1942: the first attack on Guadalcanal
- Battle of Staffarda, 1690: Catinat beats the Duke of Savoy
- Battle of Slankamen, 1691: the grand vizier falls
- Battle of Omdurman, 1898: rifles and Maxims on the Nile
- Battle on the Marchfeld, 1278: how the Habsburgs won Austria
- Battle of Lutter, 1626: Tilly breaks the King of Denmark
- Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf, 1757: Russia's first blow at Prussia
- The Gleiwitz incident, 1939: the staged attack that opened the war
- Battle of Fleurus, 1622: the mad Halberstadter breaks through
- Copenhagen, 1807: the bombardment and the seized fleet
- Battle of Rymnik, 1789: Suvorov and Coburg rout the Grand Vizier
- Battle of Rocoux, 1746: Maurice de Saxe's victory outside Liège
- Siege of Antwerp, 1914: the fall of Belgium's National Redoubt
- Siege of Paris, 1870-1871: four months behind the walls
- Battle of Wittstock, 1636: Banér and Leslie restore Sweden's fortunes
- Battle of Angamos, 1879: the end of the Huáscar and Admiral Grau
- Battle of Latakia, 1973: the first missile boat battle
- Battle of the Scheldt, 1944: the Canadians open the port of Antwerp
- Battle of Bussaco, 1810: Wellington's ridge stops Masséna
- Battle of Valmy, 1792: the cannonade that saved the French Republic
- Battle of Chrysopolis, 324: Constantine becomes sole emperor
- Battle of Breitenfeld, 1631: Gustavus Adolphus breaks Tilly
- Siege of Savannah, 1779: the allied assault that killed Pulaski
- Battle of Valea Albă, 1476: Stephen the Great against Mehmed II
- Battle of Luzzara, 1702: Prince Eugene against Vendôme on the Po
- Battle of Czarny Ostrów, 1657: the end of Rákóczi's Polish adventure
- Battle of Annual, 1921: Spain's disaster in the Rif
- Battle of Cape Spada, 1940: HMAS Sydney sinks the Bartolomeo Colleoni
- Battle of Lorraine, 1914: Plan XVII marches into a trap
- Battle of Almonacid, 1809: the Polish Division's bloodiest day in Spain
- Battle of Spicheren, 1870: the Red Hill and the road to Metz
- Battle of Warburg, 1760: Granby's charge on the Diemel
- Battle of Saint Gotthard, 1664: Montecuccoli stops the Grand Vizier on the Rába
- Battle of Evesham, 1265: the death of Simon de Montfort
- Battle of the Pyramids, 1798: Bonaparte's squares break the Mamluks
- Battle of Blenheim, 1704: Marlborough and Eugene save Vienna
- Battle of Kolín, 1757: Frederick the Great's first defeat
- Battle of Domstadtl, 1758: the ambush that saved Olomouc
- Battle of Landeshut, 1760: the destruction of Fouqué's corps
- Battle of Fornovo, 1495: the battle both sides claimed
- Battle of Custoza, 1866: Italy's defeat by Archduke Albrecht
- Battle of Medina de Rioseco, 1808: Bessières opens the road to Madrid
- Battle of Wyoming, 1778: the Wyoming Valley massacre
- Battle of Rich Mountain, 1861: the fight that made McClellan
- Battle of the Trebbia, 1799: Suvorov stops Macdonald
- Battle of Dublin, 1922: the shelling of the Four Courts
- Battle of Chippawa, 1814: "Those are regulars, by God!"
- Battle of Carillon, 1758: Montcalm's victory at Ticonderoga
- The Seven Days Battles, 1862: how Lee saved Richmond
- Battle of Dettingen, 1743: the last battle led by a British king
- Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow, 1919
- Battle of Halbe, 1945: the breakout of the German Ninth Army
- Second Battle of Artois, 1915: France's first assault on Vimy Ridge
- Battle of the Seelow Heights, 1945: the last gate to Berlin
- Second Battle of Fredericksburg, 1863: Sedgwick takes Marye's Heights
- The fall of Phnom Penh, 1975: the Khmer Rouge take Cambodia
- Battle of the Sutjeska, 1943: Operation Schwarz and Tito's breakout
- The Ruhr Pocket, 1945: the greatest American encirclement of the war
- The Battle for Castle Itter, 1945: Americans and Germans against the SS
- Battle of Tarakan, 1945: the airfield that came too late
- First Battle of Cape Finisterre, 1747: Anson's general chase
- Second Battle of Porto, 1809: Wellesley's crossing of the Douro
- Battle of Prague, 1757: Frederick the Great's bloodiest victory
- Battle of Tewkesbury, 1471: the day the House of Lancaster lost its heir
- The fall of Saigon, 1975: the last helicopters and the end of the Vietnam War
- Battle of Bicocca, 1522: the sunken road that broke the Swiss pike
- Battle of Almansa, 1707: the day Spain chose its Bourbon king
- The Zeebrugge Raid, 1918: storming the Mole on St George's Day
- Battle of Sablat, 1619: Buquoy's trap in South Bohemia
- Battle of Rovine, 1395: Mircea the Elder against Sultan Bayezid
- Siege of Dunboy, 1602: the last stand of O'Sullivan Beare's castle
- Battle of Antioch, 218: the boy emperor and the fleeing Macrinus
- Battle of Arica, 1880: the storming of the Morro and the last cartridge
- Battle of the Riachuelo, 1865: the river battle that turned the Paraguayan War
- Battle of Lowestoft, 1665: the day the Eendracht blew up
- Battle of Heiligerlee, 1568: the first victory of the Dutch Revolt
- Battle of Tourcoing, 1794: how the annihilation plan fell apart
- Jumonville Glen, 1754: the skirmish that set the world on fire
- Battle of Minorca, 1756: the battle that cost Admiral Byng his life
- The Brusilov Offensive, 1916: Russia's greatest victory of the Great War
- The Glorious First of June, 1794: Howe's victory and the grain convoy
- Battle of Friedland, 1807: the victory that brought Russia to Tilsit
- Third siege of Missolonghi, 1825 to 1826: the siege and the Exodus
- Jeju uprising, 1948: the April 3 incident and the killings that followed
- Battle of Jasmund, 1864: the Prussian Navy's first fight
- Operation Menu, 1969: the secret bombing of Cambodia
- Bombing of Belgrade, 1941: the Luftwaffe's Palm Sunday raid
- Battle of Arras, 1917: the British offensive of Easter Monday
- Battle of Hopton Heath, 1643: Stafford's Civil War battle
- First Battle of Kernstown, 1862: Stonewall Jackson's only defeat
- Battle of Maipú, 1818: the victory that secured Chile's independence
- Battle of Hlobane, 1879: the retreat down Devil's Pass
- Battle of the Komandorski Islands, 1943: the cruiser duel in the Bering Sea
- Battle of Montenotte, 1796: Napoleon's first victory in command
- Battle of Mollwitz, 1741: Frederick the Great's first battle
- Battle of Montiel, 1369: the fight that ended in a king's murder
- Battle of Eupatoria, 1855: Omer Pasha holds the Crimean port
- Battle of Abukir, 1801: the British landing in Egypt
- The Aragon Offensive, 1938: Franco's drive to the sea
- Battle of Rheinfelden, 1638: beaten on Sunday, victorious on Wednesday
- Operation Ochsenkopf, 1943: the Tigers stopped at Hunt's Gap
- Battle of Jarnac, 1569: the pistol shot that killed the Prince of Condé
- Battle of Napue, 1714: the battle that began Finland's Great Wrath
- Second Battle of the Java Sea, 1942: the end of Exeter
- Battle of the Java Sea, 1942: Doorman's last fight
- Battle of Gujrat, 1849: the battle of the guns that ended the Sikh Wars
- Battle of Mukden, 1905: the largest land battle of its age
- Battle of Spion Kop, 1900: the acre of massacre above the Tugela
- Battle of Anzio, 1944: the landing that was meant to open the road to Rome
- Battle of Yungay, 1839: the day the Peru-Bolivian Confederation fell
- Battle of Cape St. Vincent, 1797: Jervis, Nelson and the patent bridge
- Battle of Chemulpo Bay, 1904: the Varyag's hopeless sortie
- Operation Lam Son 719, 1971: South Vietnam's drive into Laos
- Battle of Makassar Strait, 1942: Doorman's cruisers under the bombers
- The Skirmish at Bender, 1713: when the Ottomans evicted Charles XII
- The Channel Dash, 1942: three German warships through the Strait of Dover
- Battle of Montmirail, 1814: Napoleon's second blow of the Six Days
- Battle of Champaubert, 1814: the first blow of Napoleon's Six Days
- Battle of Lincoln, 1141: the day King Stephen was taken prisoner
- Battle of Dogger Bank, 1915: the battlecruiser chase that got away
- Battle of Maxen, 1759: the Prussian corps that surrendered
- Battle of Vuelta de Obligado, 1845: chains across the Paraná
- Battle of Dungeness, 1652: Tromp sweeps the Channel
- Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande, 1870: the Army of the Loire's road to Paris blocked
- Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, 1917: a chase through the minefields
- Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, 1950: the Chinese counterstroke in Korea
- Battle of Ocaña, 1809: the rout that opened Andalusia
- Battle of Kesselsdorf, 1745: the Old Dessauer's last victory
- Battle of Tolvajärvi, 1939: Finland's first victory of the Winter War
- Carlson's Long Patrol, 1942: a month behind Japanese lines on Guadalcanal
- Battle of Spring Hill, 1864: the night a Union army slipped away
- HMAS Sydney and the Kormoran, 1941: Australia's worst naval loss
- Battle of the Falkland Islands, 1914: Coronel avenged
- Battle of Leuthen, 1757: Frederick the Great's masterpiece
- Battle of Lützen, 1632: the victory that cost Sweden its king
- Leningrad-Novgorod offensive, 1944: the end of the siege
- Battle of Savenay, 1793: the end of the Virée de Galerne
- Catalonia Offensive, 1938 to 1939: the fall of Republican Catalonia
- First Battle of Champagne, 1914 to 1915: Joffre's winter offensive
- Battle of Vĩnh Yên, 1951: de Lattre stops Giáp at the gates of Hanoi
- Battle of Německý Brod, 1422: Žižka routs the second crusade
- Battle of Stromboli, 1676: de Ruyter against Duquesne off Sicily
- Battle of Ławica, 1919: how Polish insurgents captured an air force
- Drake takes Santo Domingo, 1586: a New Year's raid on Spain's Caribbean capital
- Battle of the Barents Sea, 1942: the destroyers that saved JW 51B
- Battle of Pułtusk, 1806: Lannes against Bennigsen in the snow
- Battle of Czarnowo, 1806: Napoleon's night crossing of the Wkra
- Battle of Mudki, 1845: the first battle of the Sikh Wars
- Battle of Blood River, 1838: the laager on the Ncome
- Battle of Nyborg, 1659: the victory that freed Funen
- Battle of Héricourt, 1474: the first battle of the Burgundian Wars
- Battle of Łódź, 1914: the forgotten Polish Verdun
- Battle of Coulmiers, 1870: France's rare victory on the Loire
- Battle of White Mountain, 1620: two hours that ended Bohemia's revolt
- Battle of Belmont, 1861: Ulysses S. Grant's first battle
- Battle of Rossbach, 1757: Frederick the Great's ninety-minute victory
- Battle of Mentana, 1867: Garibaldi's last march on Rome
- Battle of Coronel, 1914: the Royal Navy's worst day of the war
- Battle of the Chesapeake, 1781: the sea fight that decided Yorktown
- Operation Kutuzov, 1943: the Red Army takes the Orel bulge
- Battle of Prokhorovka, 1943: the tank clash and its myth
- Battle of Quatre Bras, 1815: holding the crossroads
- Battle of Ligny, 1815: the victory that did not finish the Prussians
- The Gettysburg Address, 1863: Lincoln's two minutes
- Operation Uranus, 1942: the trap that closed on Stalingrad
- Battle of Hanau, 1813: Napoleon breaks through to the Rhine
- Battle of Zornoza, 1808: the marshal who attacked too soon
- Fall of Kars, 1920: the fortress that fell without a fight
- Battle of Hochkirch, 1758: Frederick the Great surprised at dawn
- Battle of Lesnaya, 1708: the convoy that never reached Charles XII
- Soviet invasion of Poland, 1939: the attack from the east
- Battle of Krbava Field, 1493: the day Croatia lost its nobility
- Battle of Filipów, 1656: Gosiewski's defeat on the Prussian border
- Battle of Civetot, 1096: the end of the People's Crusade
- Battle of Cecora, 1595: Zamoyski's camp on the Prut
- Battle of Tarutino, 1812: the attack that sent Napoleon out of Moscow
- Battle of Pell's Point, 1776: Glover's stone walls
- Battle of Kinburn, 1855: the day armored warships went into action
- Siege of Sevastopol, 1854: the first bombardment and an eleven-month siege
- Battle of Wattignies, 1793: the conscripts who saved Maubeuge
- Battle of La Tremblaye, 1793: the shot that felled Lescure
- Battle of Fuengirola, 1810: 150 Poles and a captured British general
- Battle of Caldiero, 1805: Masséna against Archduke Charles
- The Suez Crisis, 1956: invasion, ultimatum and retreat
- Battle of Freiberg, 1762: Prince Henry's victory and the last battle of the Seven Years' War
- Battle of Penang, 1914: the Emden's raid on a sleeping harbor
- Second Battle of Newbury, 1644: the king slips away
- Battle of Saint-Martin-de-Ré, 1622: the Huguenot fleet against the king
- Battle of Kobyłka, 1794: the Lithuanian rearguard before Praga
- Second Battle of Cape Finisterre, 1747: Hawke and the sacrificed escort
- Battle of Caporetto, 1917: the breakthrough on the Isonzo
- Battle of Maloyaroslavets, 1812: the fight that turned Napoleon back
- Battle of Wake Island, 1941: the atoll that struck back
- Battle of Hong Kong, 1941: eighteen days to Black Christmas
- Operation Torch, 1942: the Allied landings in North Africa
- Hungarian Revolution of 1956: the fight for Budapest
- The Hundred Days Offensive, 1918: how the Allies won the war
- Battle of the Niemen, 1920: the final blow of the war
- Battle of Mactan, 1521: the shore where Magellan fell
- Battle of Hansan Island, 1592: Yi Sun-sin's crane wing
- Battle of Myeongnyang, 1597: 13 ships in the roaring strait
- Battle of Noryang, 1598: Yi Sun-sin's last battle
- Battle of Bataan, 1942: the hungry stand that ended in captivity
- Battle of Corregidor, 1942: the fall of the Rock
- Battle of Manila, 1945: the month that destroyed a capital
- Second Battle of Panipat, 1556: Akbar, Hemu and the arrow
- Battle of Talikota, 1565: the fall of Vijayanagara
- Battle of Sinhagad, 1670: the night the lion fell
- Battle of Chillianwala, 1849: a draw in the Punjab jungle
- Battle of Imphal, 1944: where Japan's march on India broke
- Battle of Longewala, 1971: one desert post, two stories
- The Battle of Cold Harbor
- Sherman's March to the Sea
- Appomattox, 1865
- The Siege of Petersburg
- The Doolittle Raid
- The Battle of White Plains
- The Fall of Fort Washington
- The Christmas Truce of 1914
- The Siege of Leningrad
- The Dunkirk Evacuation
- The Battle of Raszyn, 1809: Poniatowski against the Austrians
- The Battle of Zieleńce, 1792: the first Virtuti Militari
- The Battle of Ostrołęka, 1831: Bem's guns at the Narew
- The Battle of Stoczek, 1831: Dwernicki's first victory
- The Battle of Chapultepec, 1847: the castle above Mexico City
- The Battle of Fort Donelson, 1862: Unconditional Surrender Grant
- The Defence of Lwów, 1918: the Lwów Eaglets
- The Siege of Jasna Góra, 1655: the monastery that would not fall
- The Battle of Falaise, 1944: Maczek's men on the Mace
- The Battle of Mława, 1939: the line that held for three days
- The Battle of Mobile Bay, 1864: Damn the torpedoes
- The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, 1863: the 54th Massachusetts
- The Battle of Trzciana, 1629: the hussars against Gustavus Adolphus
- The Defence of Hel, 1939: the last Polish stronghold on the coast
- The Battle of Kock, 1939: the last battle of the September Campaign
- The Siege of Tobruk, 1941: the Polish Rats of Tobruk
- The Battle of San Jacinto, 1836: Remember the Alamo
- The Battle of Khotyn, 1673: Sobieski storms the Ottoman camp
- The Battle of Zadwórze, 1920: the Polish Thermopylae
- The Battle of Komarów, 1920: the last great cavalry battle
- The Battle of Narvik, 1940: Polish highlanders in the Arctic
- The Battle of Obertyn, 1531: Tarnowski's wagon fort
- The Battle of Oliwa, 1627: Poland's great naval victory
- The Battle of Berestechko, 1651: one of the largest battles of its century
- Battle of Hodów 1694: A Few Hundred Poles vs a Tatar Army
- The Battle of Mokra, 1939: Polish cavalry against German tanks
- The Warsaw Uprising, 1944: 63 days of defiance
- The Meuse-Argonne Offensive, 1918: America's greatest battle
- The Battle of Princeton, 1777: Washington strikes again
- The Battle of Płowce, 1331: Poland strikes back at the Teutonic Order
- The Battle of Orsha, 1514: Ostrogski routs the army of Muscovy
- The Battle of Racławice, 1794: Kościuszko and the scythemen
- The Battle of Olszynka Grochowska, 1831: the fight for the alder wood
- The Battle of Westerplatte, 1939: seven days that opened the Second World War
- The Battle of the Bzura, 1939: Poland's great counterattack
- The Battle of the Hydaspes, 326 BC: Alexander meets Porus
- The Second Battle of Tarain, 1192: Muhammad of Ghor defeats Prithviraj
- The Battle of Buxar, 1764: the East India Company takes Bengal
- The Battle of Assaye, 1803: Wellesley's hardest fight
- The Battle of Kohima, 1944: the stand that saved India
- Battle of Trenton, 1776
- Battle of New Orleans, 1815
- Battle of Cowpens, 1781
- Battle of Belleau Wood, 1918
- The Battle of Bosworth Field, 1485: the death of a king
- The Battle of Tsushima, 1905: Togo destroys a fleet
- The Battle of Manzikert, 1071: the day Byzantium broke
- The Battle of the Yarmouk, 636: the loss of the Roman east
- The Battle of Arsuf, 1191: Lionheart vs Saladin
- The Battle of Issus 333 BC: Why It Mattered and Where It Was
- The Battle of Plataea, 479 BC: Persia driven out
- The Battle of Edgehill, 1642: the Civil War begins
- The Battle of the Thames, 1813: the death of Tecumseh
- The Battle of the Trebia, 218 BC: Hannibal's first blow
- Battle of Lake Trasimene 217 BC: Hannibal's Ambush, with Map
- The Battle of Perryville, 1862: the fight for Kentucky
- The Siege of Jerusalem, 1187: how Saladin took the holy city
- The Fall of Constantinople, 1453: the end of Byzantium
- The Battle of Culloden, 1746: the end of the Jacobites
- The Battle of the Alamo, 1836: the last stand in Texas
- The Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876: Custer's Last Stand
- Battle of the Alma, 1854: the first clash of the Crimean War
- Battle of Germantown, 1777: Washington's bold gamble
- Battle of Prestonpans, 1745: the Highland charge
- The Battle of Chickamauga, 1863: the Rock of Chickamauga
- The Battle of Pharsalus, 48 BC: Caesar beats Pompey
- The Battle of the Ice, 1242: Alexander Nevsky on Lake Peipus
- The Battle of Plassey, 1757: the birth of British India
- The First Battle of Panipat, 1526: Babur founds the Mughal Empire
- The Siege of Vicksburg, 1863: the Confederacy split in two
- The Battle of Shiloh, 1862: the war turns bloody
- Lexington and Concord, 1775: the shot heard round the world
- The Guadalcanal Campaign, 1942 to 1943: the Pacific turns
- The Battle of Okinawa, 1945: the last great battle of the Pacific
- The Battle of Inchon, 1950: MacArthur's masterstroke
- The Battle of Chosin Reservoir, 1950: breakout from the frozen hills
- The Battle of San Juan Hill, 1898: Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
- The Battle of Kings Mountain, 1780: the turn of the tide in the South
- The Battle of Guilford Courthouse, 1781: the victory that ruined Cornwallis
- The Battle of Lake Erie, 1813: we have met the enemy and they are ours
- The Battle of Tippecanoe, 1811: Harrison and Tecumseh's Confederacy
- The First Battle of Bull Run, 1861: the war's first great shock
- The Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863: Lee's perfect battle
- The Battle of Fredericksburg, 1862: slaughter at Marye's Heights
- The Battle of Tarawa, 1943: the costly lesson of the atoll
- The Battle of Long Island, 1776: Washington's narrow escape
- The Battle of Brandywine, 1777: the road to Philadelphia
- The Battle of Monmouth, 1778: the army Valley Forge built
- The Battle of the Wilderness, 1864: Grant and Lee's first clash
- The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, 1864: the Bloody Angle
- The Battle of the Coral Sea, 1942: the first carrier battle
- The Battle of Peleliu, 1944: the bloody ridge nobody could forget
- The Battle of Ia Drang, 1965: the first big clash in Vietnam
- The Battle of Baltimore and Fort McHenry, 1814: the Star-Spangled Banner
- The Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890: the end of the Indian Wars
- The Battle of Khe Sanh, 1968: the siege that haunted a war
- The Tet Offensive, 1968: the battle that changed American minds
- The Battle of Nineveh, 627: Heraclius breaks Persia
- The Battle of Kleidion, 1014: Basil the Bulgar-Slayer
- The Battle of Taginae, 552: Narses reconquers Italy
- The Battle of Anchialus, 917: Byzantium's bloody disaster
- The Battle of Nicopolis, 1396: the last great crusade
- The Battle of Philippi, 42 BC: the end of the Republic
- Battle of Poitiers, 1356: the day England took a king
- Battle of Stamford Bridge, 1066: the last Viking invasion
- Battle of Kałuszyn, 1939: the Iron Division's night victory
- Battle of Warsaw, 1920: the Miracle on the Vistula
- Battle of Kircholm, 1605: the winged hussars' finest hour
- Battle of Legnica, 1241: when the Mongols reached Europe
- Battle of the Metaurus, 207 BC: the battle that beat Hannibal
- Battle of Nagashino, 1575: the volley that broke the samurai cavalry
- Battle of Red Cliffs, AD 208: the fire that split China
- Third Battle of Panipat, 1761: the day that decided India
- Battle of Ain Jalut 1260: Who Won and How the Mongols Lost
- Battle of Chaldiran, 1514: the gunpowder clash that split the Middle East
- Battle of Klushino, 1610: the day Poland marched into Moscow
- Battle of Khotyn, 1621: the stand that broke a sultan
- Battle of Adwa, 1896: the African victory over an empire
- Battle of Mohács, 1526: the day the kingdom of Hungary died
- Battle of Isandlwana, 1879: the day the Zulu broke a British army
- Battle of Cajamarca 1532: How Pizarro Captured Atahualpa
- Battle of Tannenberg, 1914: Germany destroys a Russian army
- Battle of Bannockburn, 1314: how Scotland won its freedom
- Battle of Talas, 751: the clash that fixed the edge of two worlds
- Battle of Monte Cassino, 1944: the mountain that cost four battles
- Battle of Clontarf, 1014: the day Brian Boru broke the Vikings
- Battle of Saragarhi, 1897: twenty-one against an army
- Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775: the costliest victory of the Revolution
- Battle of Narva, 1700: how Charles XII humbled Russia in a snowstorm
- Battle of Aljubarrota 1385: How Portugal Beat Castile
- Genghis Khan vs Napoleon
- Cyrus vs Alexander the Great
- Saladin vs Richard the Lionheart
- Genghis Khan vs Alexander the Great
- Napoleon vs Julius Caesar
- Hannibal vs Scipio Africanus
- Napoleon vs Wellington
- Phalanx vs Legion
- Sun Tzu vs Clausewitz
- Winged Hussars vs Cuirassiers
- Genghis Khan vs Hannibal
- Hannibal vs Alexander the Great
- Samurai vs Knight
- Spartan vs Samurai
- Mongol vs Knight
- Hannibal vs Napoleon
- Eisenhower vs Montgomery
- Genghis Khan vs Caesar
- Patton vs Montgomery
- Nelson vs Napoleon
- Scipio vs Caesar
- Lee vs Meade
- Washington vs Cornwallis
- Patton vs Rommel
- Grant vs Lee
- Montgomery vs Rommel
- Pompey vs Caesar
- Napoleon vs Alexander the Great
- Caesar vs Hannibal
- Alexander the Great vs Julius Caesar: who was the greater general?
- Rome vs Carthage: why Rome won the Punic Wars
- Sparta vs Athens: the rivalry that shaped ancient Greece
- Battle of Kinsale, 1601: the end of Gaelic Ireland
- Battle of Haldighati, 1576: Maharana Pratap's stand against the Mughals
- Battle of Iwo Jima, 1945: the flag on Mount Suribachi
- Battle of Stirling Bridge, 1297: William Wallace's great victory
- Battle of Wizna, 1939: the Polish Thermopylae
- Battle of Somosierra, 1808: the charge that opened the road to Madrid
- The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
- The Battle of Leyte Gulf
- The Siege of Yorktown
- The Battle of the Milvian Bridge
- The Battle of Balaclava
- The Battle of Passchendaele
- Operation Market Garden
- The Attack on Pearl Harbor
- The Battle of Antietam
- The Battle of Saratoga
- The Battle of the Bulge
- Battle of Berlin
- Battle of Fort Sumter
- The Gallipoli Campaign
- The Battle of Hattin
- Battle of Kursk
- Battle of Poltava
- Battle of Rocroi
- Siege of Tenochtitlan
- The Battle of Alesia, 52 BC
- The Battle of Tours, 732: the hammer of the Franks
- The Battle of Actium, 31 BC: the birth of an empire
- The Battle of Zama, 202 BC: Hannibal's downfall
- Jena-Auerstedt, 1806: Prussia falls in a day
- The Battle of Moscow, 1941: the tide freezes
- The Somme, 1916: the bloodiest summer
- First Ypres, 1914: the trenches reach the sea
- The Battle of Crécy, 1346: the longbow's day
- The Battle of Lepanto, 1571: the last galley war
- The Battle of Leipzig, 1813: the Battle of the Nations
- The First Marne, 1914: the miracle that saved Paris
- The Battle of Borodino, 1812: the bloodiest day
- El Alamein, 1942: the end of the beginning
- The Battle of Britain, 1940: the few
- The Battle of Verdun, 1916: they shall not pass
- The Battle of Midway, 1942: five minutes that turned the Pacific
- The Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC: Alexander breaks an empire
- The Battle of Sekigahara, 1600: the battle that made a shogun
- The Battle of Trafalgar, 1805: Nelson breaks two fleets
- The Siege of Vienna, 1683: the charge that turned back the Ottomans
- D-Day, 1944: the longest day on the Normandy beaches
- The Battle of Salamis, 480 BC: the narrows that saved Greece
- The Battle of Gettysburg, 1863: the Confederacy's high-water mark
- The Battle of Agincourt, 1415: the longbow's day
- The Battle of Austerlitz, 1805: Napoleon's masterpiece
- The Battle of Marathon, 490 BC: the day Athens saved itself
- The Battle of Waterloo, 1815: the end of an empire
- The Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-1943: the tide turns
- The Battle of Hastings, 1066: the day England changed hands
- The Battle of Grunwald, 1410: the day the Teutonic Order broke
- The Battle of Cannae, 216 BC: Hannibal's perfect trap
- The Battle of Thermopylae, 480 BC: the 300 and the Hot Gates
Commanders 127
Francis Drake: the Elizabethan raider Spain called El Draque
The Elizabethan captain who sailed around the world, sacked Santo Domingo and Cartagena, raided Cádiz and fought the Armada.
Richard Howe: the admiral of New York, Gibraltar and the First of June
The British admiral of the American war, the relief of Gibraltar and the Glorious First of June, who ended the Spithead mutiny.
Peter I of Castile: the king called the Cruel and the Just
The king of Castile called the Cruel and the Just, restored at Nájera and killed by his half-brother at Montiel in 1369.
Boudica
The Iceni queen who rose against Rome in AD 60 or 61.
Tomoe Gozen
The woman who rode with Kiso Yoshinaka, as the Tale of the Heike tells it.
Molly Pitcher and the women at Monmouth
What an eyewitness saw in 1778, and how the legend grew.
Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War
Scutari, the Lady with the Lamp and the rose diagram.
Lyudmila Pavlichenko
The sniper of Odessa and Sevastopol and her 1942 tour of the US.
The Night Witches
The women of the 588th Night Bomber Regiment and their Po-2s.
Charles de Gaulle: the general who refused defeat in 1940
Charles de Gaulle as a soldier: Saint-Cyr, capture at Verdun, Poland in 1920, the tanks at Montcornet, the 18 June appeal and the liberation of Paris in 1944.
Admiral Yi Sun-sin
Admiral Yi Sun-sin (1545 to 1598): the turtle ships, his victories over Hideyoshi's fleets, his disgrace in 1597, Myeongnyang and his death at Noryang.
The Marquis de Lafayette
The 19-year-old French major general who fought from Brandywine to Yorktown.
115 more, titles only
- Baron von Steuben
- Wojtek the Soldier Bear
- Hiroo Onoda
- Tadeusz Rozwadowski
- Józef Dwernicki
- John Buford
- Józef Haller
- Stefan Batory
- David Farragut
- Stanisław Koniecpolski
- Witold Urbanowicz
- Ira Hayes
- Jan Zamoyski
- Emilia Plater
- Desmond Doss
- Jimmy Doolittle
- Jan Tarnowski
- Józef Poniatowski
- Joshua Chamberlain
- Dick Winters
- Józef Bem
- Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
- Władysław Anders
- Stanisław Maczek
- Stanisław Sosabowski
- Daniel Morgan
- John Basilone
- Józef Piłsudski
- Witold Pilecki
- Theodore Roosevelt
- John Paul Jones
- Nathanael Greene
- Benedict Arnold
- Francis Marion
- Sam Houston
- Davy Crockett
- Alvin York
- Chesty Puller
- Omar Bradley
- Matthew Ridgway
- George Meade
- Philip Sheridan
- Winfield Scott
- Belisarius
- Heraclius
- Nikephoros II Phokas
- Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer
- Hamilcar Barca
- Hasdrubal Barca
- Mago Barca
- Oda Nobunaga
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Tokugawa Ieyasu
- Takeda Shingen
- Subutai
- Batu Khan
- Kublai Khan
- Joan of Arc
- Turenne
- Sun Tzu
- Genghis Khan
- Mehmed II the Conqueror
- Suleiman the Magnificent
- Selim I the Grim
- Bayezid I
- Cyrus the Great
- Cambyses II
- Darius the Great
- Xerxes I
- Miltiades
- Themistocles
- Philip II of Macedon
- Pericles
- Leonidas
- Erwin Rommel
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Douglas MacArthur
- Audie Murphy
- The Duke of Wellington
- Henry V
- Bernard Montgomery
- Richard the Lionheart
- George Washington
- Ulysses S. Grant
- Robert E. Lee
- Stonewall Jackson
- William Tecumseh Sherman
- The Commanders of the American Civil War
- Andrew Jackson
- John J. Pershing
- Chester Nimitz
- William Halsey
- The Commanders of the Pacific War
- George S. Patton
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Tadeusz Kosciuszko
- Casimir Pulaski
- The Polish Heroes of the American Revolution
- Stefan Czarniecki
- Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
- Stanisław Żółkiewski
- Hannibal Barca
- Alexander the Great
- Horatio Nelson
- Jan III Sobieski
- Saladin
- Georgy Zhukov
- Pompey the Great
- Trajan
- Gaius Marius
- Augustus
- Julius Caesar
- Charles Martel
- Scipio Africanus
- William the Conqueror
Guides & lists 71
Women Who Changed Wars
Boudica, Tomoe Gozen, Joan of Arc, Molly Pitcher, Emilia Plater, Nightingale, Pavlichenko and the Night Witches.
The Greatest Commanders by Era: a ranking from Antiquity to WWII
Seven eras, 29 commanders, our criteria and a sourced line on each.
The Battles That Won Polish Independence, 1914 to 1921
From the Legions at Kostiuchnówka to Lwów, Greater Poland, Warsaw, Komarów and the Niemen: the battles that made and bordered independent Poland, 1914 to 1921.
Battles of Korea: a guide from Hansan Island to Chosin
The battles that shaped Korea, in order: Admiral Yi Sun-sin at Hansan Island, Myeongnyang and Noryang, then Inchon and the Chosin Reservoir in 1950.
Battles of India: a guide from the Hydaspes to Longewala
Sixteen battles that shaped India, in order: the Hydaspes, Tarain, three Panipats, Talikota, Haldighati, Sinhagad, Plassey, Saragarhi, Imphal, Longewala.
The Tuskegee Airmen
The first Black military pilots, the Red Tails and the truth about their escort record.
The Ten Crucial Days
The Delaware crossing, Trenton, Assunpink Creek and Princeton, day by day.
Veterans Day: What 11 November Marks
The Armistice of 1918, Armistice Day, the 1954 rename and the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
Animals in War
Cher Ami, Sergeant Stubby, Wojtek, Reckless, Simon and the Dickin Medal.
Women Warriors in History
Boudica, Joan of Arc, Emilia Plater, Lakshmibai, Pavlichenko and the Night Witches.
The Greatest Escapes in Military History
Elba, Pretoria, Colditz, Auschwitz, Sobibor and the Great Escape.
The Most Decorated Soldiers in History
Murphy, York, the double Medal of Honor and VC winners, Carton de Wiart.
59 more, titles only
- The Largest Cavalry Battles in History
- The Most Famous Cavalry Units in History
- Heavy Cavalry vs Light Cavalry
- Horse Archers
- War Elephants in History
- The Winged Hussars' Greatest Battles
- The Greatest Military Blunders in History
- The Largest Battles in History
- The Greatest Ambushes in History
- Polish Victories Against the Odds
- For Your Freedom and Ours
- American Victories Against the Odds
- America's Greatest Military Heroes
- The Greatest Battles in Indian History
- The Greatest Commanders of Carthage
- The Greatest Commanders of Feudal Japan
- Greatest Mongol Generals: Genghis Khan, Subutai and Batu
- The Greatest Commanders of France
- The Greatest Battles of France
- The Greatest Battles in British History
- The Greatest British Commanders
- The Greatest Battles of Ancient Rome
- The Greatest Commanders of the Byzantine Empire
- The 11 Deadliest Battles in History, Ranked by Casualties
- On This Day in Military History
- The Greatest Battles of World War II
- The Greatest Naval Battles in History
- The Greatest Sieges in History
- The Greatest Last Stands in History
- The Greatest Battles of the Byzantine Empire
- Military Tactics and Terms: A Glossary
- The Most Influential Military Leaders in History
- The Greatest Ottoman Commanders: Sultans, Generals and Admirals
- The Greatest Battles of the Ottoman Empire
- The Greatest Commanders of the Persian Empire
- The Greatest Commanders of Ancient Greece
- The Greatest Commanders of Ancient Rome
- The Greatest American Commanders
- The Wars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- The Greatest Battles in Polish History
- The Greatest Commanders in Polish History
- The Greatest Battles of All Time
- Battles That Changed the World
- The Greatest Military Commanders in History
- The Greatest Battles of the Persian Empire
- The Greatest Battles of Carthage
- The Greatest Battles in American History
- The Greatest Battles of the American Revolution
- The Greatest Battles of the American Civil War
- The Greatest Battles of the Pacific War
- The Greatest Battles of the Eastern Front
- The Greatest Battles of Ancient Greece
- Military History Glossary
- The Greatest Battles of Antiquity: a guide
- The Greatest Battles of the Middle Ages: a guide
- The Greatest Battles of the Early Modern Age: a guide
- The Greatest Napoleonic Battles: a guide
- The Greatest Battles of the Industrial Age: a guide
- The Greatest Battles of the First World War: a guide
Explainers 18
The end of the war in Austria, 1945: Vienna, the Alps and Castle Itter
From the Soviet battle for Vienna to the Alps: the Second Republic, the redoubt that was not there, the liberation of Innsbruck and Castle Itter.
The US military government in Korea, 1945 to 1948: from liberation to division
The American occupation of southern Korea from the 38th parallel to the 1948 election: direct rule, the 1946 unrest, the exit through the UN and Jeju.
The Severan dynasty, 193 to 235: the soldier emperors and the Syrian empresses
From Septimius Severus's civil wars to the murder of Severus Alexander: Caracalla, Macrinus at Antioch, Elagabalus and the Syrian empresses.
The Croatian-Ottoman wars, 1493 to 1593: from Krbava to Sisak
A century of war from the disaster at Krbava Field to the Ottoman defeat at Sisak: Mohács, the Habsburg crown, the Military Frontier and Szigetvár.
The Yom Kippur War, 1973: twenty days that shook the Middle East
The Egyptian and Syrian surprise attack of October 1973, the Israeli counteroffensives, the superpower airlifts and the nuclear alert.
The Aleutian Islands campaign, 1942 to 1943: the war in the fog
Dutch Harbor, the Japanese occupation of Attu and Kiska, the Komandorski Islands, the battle of Attu and the empty island of Kiska.
Yugoslavia in World War II: invasion, occupation and Tito's partisans
The April 1941 invasion, the partition of the kingdom, the partisans and Chetniks, the Sutjeska and the liberation of Belgrade in 1944.
The Rif War, 1921 to 1926: Abd el-Krim against Spain and France
How Abd el-Krim's Riffians crushed Spain at Annual, built a Republic of the Rif and fell to Spain and France in 1926.
The Anarchy, 1135 to 1154: Stephen, Matilda and nineteen long winters
How Stephen of Blois and the Empress Matilda fought for the crown of Henry I from 1135 to 1154, and how the war ended with Henry II.
Washington Crossing the Delaware 1776: the night and the painting
How George Washington crossed the icy Delaware on Christmas night 1776 to strike Trenton, and what Leutze's famous 1851 painting gets right and gets wrong.
How World War One Ended: the Eleventh Hour of the Eleventh Day
How the First World War ended on 11 November 1918: Germany's collapse, the railway carriage at Compiègne, the 11 a.m. ceasefire and the last soldiers to fall.
Why the Poppy? The Story of the Remembrance Poppy
How the red field poppy of the Western Front became the symbol of remembrance: John McCrae's poem, Moina Michael, Anna Guérin and the first Poppy Appeal, 1921.